#! /usr/NeWS/bin/psh
% codebook
% This is the public domain program used twice yearly at the Usenix
% NeWS tutorial. It may be distributed freely. If difficulties
% are incountered with this, check the news-archive@sun server for
% a newer version.
%
% Notes:
% -Should clear prompts!
% -Make target retained so pointer works better?
% -runprogram: has brobs with new executive! ( <cr> ) causes error!
% ===============================================================
% Tty "pipe" code:
% ===============================================================
/settarget { % - => - (set tty target = current selection holder)
systemdict /TtyTarget createevent dup begin
/Name /InsertValue def
/Process /PrimarySelection getselection /SelectionHolder get def
/Canvas /PrimarySelection getselection /Canvas get def
Canvas /Retained true put
end put
} def
/sendtarget { % string/char => - (send string/char to current tty target)
systemdict /TtyTarget known {
dup type /stringtype ne {cvis} if
TtyTarget /Action 3 -1 roll put
TtyTarget createevent copy sendevent
} {pop} ifelse
} def
/FakeTypingMistakes { % - => - (fake typing errors!)
random .1 le { % 10 percent error rate.
(XhV\177\177\177) {sendtarget 30 20 TtyPause} forall
} if
} def
/TtyPause { % rate delta => - (pause between chars)
1 60 div % minutes per second
3 1 roll random 2 mul 1 sub mul add % ch per sec
div sleep
} def
/TypingStyle /Medium def
/TtySynch {} def
/SendTtyString { % string [name] => - (send string to current tty target)
dup type /stringtype eq {TypingStyle} if
{
/Fast {sendtarget}
/Medium {TtySynch {sendtarget pause} forall}
/Slow {TtySynch {sendtarget 30 20 TtyPause} forall}
/Sloppy {TtySynch {sendtarget 30 20 TtyPause FakeTypingMistakes} forall}
} case
} def
% ===============================================================
% Main & Menus:
% ===============================================================
/TypingMenu [
(Type Fast) {/TypingStyle /Fast store}
(Type Medium) {/TypingStyle /Medium store}
(Type Slow) {/TypingStyle /Slow store}
(Type Sloppy) {/TypingStyle /Sloppy store}
] /new DefaultMenu send def
/ControlConstructsMenu [
(If-Else) {IfElseDemo}
(Loop) {LoopDemo}
(Repeat) {RepeatDemo}
(For) {ForDemo}
(Forall) {ForallDemo}
] /new DefaultMenu send def
/PostScriptMenu [
(Data Types Demo) {DataTypesDemo}
(Stacks Demo) {StacksDemo}
(Stack Min Demo) {StackMinDemo}
(Control Structs =>) ControlConstructsMenu
(Dict Min Demo) {DictMinDemo}
(Stencil Fill Demo) {StencilFillDemo}
(Transform Demo) {XfmFillDemo}
(T Transform Demo) {XfmTeeDemo}
(Line Styles Demo) {LineStylesDemo}
(Spiral Demo) {SpiralFillDemo}
(Fancy Spiral Demo) {FancySpiralDemo}
(Text Demo) {TextDemo}
] /new DefaultMenu send def
/NeWSProgrammingMenu [
(Begin/End Demo) {BeginEndDemo}
(Process Dict Demo) {ProcessDictDemo}
(Canvas Demo) {CanvasDemo}
(Erase Canvas!) {EraseCanvas}
(Fork Demo) {ForkDemo}
(Pause Demo) {PauseDemo}
(Multi-Ret Demo) {MultiRetDemo}
(Snoop Demo) {SnoopDemo}
(Install RunProgram) {InstallRunProgram}
(Hello World Demo) {HelloWorldDemo}
] /new DefaultMenu send def
/SimpleProgrammingMenu [
(Min Star) {MinStarProg}
(Star) {StarProg}
(Max Star) {MaxStarProg}
] /new DefaultMenu send def
%/RunMyDemo {(psh /usr/owen/ps/client/mine/%) sprintf forkunix} def
/RunMyDemo {forkunix} def
/SomeDemosMenu [
(MacDemo) {(macdemo) RunMyDemo}
(Magnify) {(mag) RunMyDemo}
(RootColor) {(rootcolor) RunMyDemo}
] /new DefaultMenu send def
/FatStuffMenu [
(Fat Menus) {true MakeFatMenus}
(Standard Menus) {false MakeFatMenus}
(Make Fat Term) {MakeFatTerm}
] /new DefaultMenu send def
/MainMenu [
(PostScript =>) PostScriptMenu
(News Basicss =>) NeWSProgrammingMenu
(Simple Programs =>) SimpleProgrammingMenu
(Clear PSH Screen) {ClearScreen}
(Typing Styles =>) TypingMenu
(Fat Stuff =>) FatStuffMenu
(Set Target) {settarget}
(Start PSH) {StartPSH}
(Make Pointer) {MakePointer}
(Some Demos =>) SomeDemosMenu
] /new DefaultMenu send def
/main {
/CodeBookPaint {} def
/win framebuffer /new DefaultWindow send def
{ /FrameLabel (Code Book) def
/PaintIcon {PaintClient 0 strokecanvas} def
/PaintClient {
1 fillcanvas 0 setgray
CodeBookPaint
} def
/ClientMenu MainMenu def
} win send
/reshapefromuser win send
/map win send
systemdict /Can win /ClientCanvas get put
} def
% ===============================================================
% PostScript Demos:
% ===============================================================
/DataTypesDemo {(
57 type =
11.56 type =
true type =
(Foo) type =
/Foo type =
[1 2 3] type =
{3 4 add} type =
{3 4 add} xcheck =
10 dict type =
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/StacksDemo {(
clear pstack
64 (Hi) /Name pstack
exch pstack
dup pstack
2 index pstack
pop pop pstack
3 1 roll pstack
3 copy pstack
clear
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/StackMinDemo {(
/min {
dup 2 index lt pstack
{exch pop (1st) ==}
{pop (2nd) ==}
ifelse
} def
76 -6 min ==
-6 76 min ==
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/IfElseDemo {(
/min {
dup 2 index lt
{exch pop}
{pop}
(If: ) print pstack
ifelse
} def
76 -6 min ==
-6 76 min ==
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/ForDemo {(
0
1 1 10 { add pstack } for
pop
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/ForallDemo {(
(Hello!) { = } forall
[(Hello!) { } forall] ==
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/LoopDemo {(
currenttime 1 10 div add
{ dup currenttime le
{(Done!\\n) print exit} if
} loop
pop
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/RepeatDemo {(
1
10 { dup 2 mul pstack } repeat
clear
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/DictMinDemo {(
/min {
10 dict begin
/x2 exch def
/x1 exch def
x1 x2 lt {x1} {x2} ifelse
(Min's dictionary:) print
[currentdict {} forall] ==
end
} def
76 -6 min ==
-6 76 min ==
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/StencilFillString (
/StencilFill {
gsave
clippath pathbbox scale pop pop
.3 .3 moveto
.8 .8 lineto
.3 .7 lineto
.8 .2 lineto
closepath
.5 setgray fill
grestore
} def
) def
/StencilFillDemo { {StencilFill} StencilFillString RunPSGraphicsDemo } def
% ------------------------------------------------
/XfmFillString (
/DrawUnitRect {
0 0 moveto 1 0 lineto
1 1 lineto 0 1 lineto
closepath fill
} def
/TransformFill {
gsave
clippath pathbbox
2 div exch 2 div exch scale
pop pop
.5 setgray
.75 .5 translate DrawUnitRect
0 setgray
45 rotate DrawUnitRect
grestore
} def
) def
/XfmFillDemo { {TransformFill} XfmFillString RunPSGraphicsDemo } def
% ------------------------------------------------
% gsave initmatrix stroke grestore
% newpath
/XfmTeeString (
/XfmTeeGrid { % - => -
0 1 10 {
/V exch def
0 V moveto 10 V lineto
V 0 moveto V 10 lineto
} for stroke
} def
/TransformTee {
gsave
clippath pathbbox
10 div exch 10 div exch
scale pop pop
0 setgray XfmTeeGrid
5 1 translate 40 rotate .6 .6 scale
.5 setgray XfmTeeGrid 0 setgray
/Times-Bold findfont 10 scalefont
setfont 1 1 moveto (T) show
grestore
} def
) def
/XfmTeeDemo { {TransformTee} XfmTeeString RunPSGraphicsDemo } def
% ------------------------------------------------
/! {50 y 20 add 5 0 360 arc fill} def
/LineStylesString (
/SetLine { % width cap join dash-pair
setdash setlinejoin setlinecap setlinewidth
} def
/Elbow { % y
/y exch def
25 y moveto 50 y 20 add lineto
75 y lineto 0 setgray stroke
} def
/LineStyles {
gsave clippath pathbbox
100 div exch 100 div exch
scale pop pop
1 0 0 [] 0 SetLine 80 Elbow
10 0 0 [] 0 SetLine 60 Elbow
10 1 0 [] 0 SetLine 40 Elbow
10 0 1 [] 0 SetLine 20 Elbow
10 0 1 [20 2] 0 SetLine 0 Elbow !
grestore
} def
) def
/LineStylesDemo { {LineStyles} LineStylesString RunPSGraphicsDemo } def
% ------------------------------------------------
/SpirWinXfm {
clippath pathbbox pop pop translate
clippath pathbbox 2 div exch 2 div exch
1 index 1 index translate
min dup scale pop pop
-.5 -.5 translate
} def
%/SpirWinXfm1 {
% clippath pathbbox scale pop pop
%} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/SpiralFillString (
/SpiralFill { % - => - (black spiral)
gsave
SpirWinXfm
.5 .5 translate
90 rotate
newpath
25 {
0 .9 moveto
0 0 1 90 -90 arc
0 0 .9 -90 90 arcn
fill
.88 .88 scale
22.5 rotate
} repeat
grestore
} def
) def
/SpiralFillDemo { {SpiralFill} SpiralFillString RunPSGraphicsDemo } def
% ------------------------------------------------
/FancySpiralString (
/BuildFountain { % size => string
dup string exch 1 sub
0 1 3 -1 roll { 1 index exch dup put } for
} def
/FountainSpiral { % - => - (fountain spiral)
gsave matrix currentmatrix SpirWinXfm
.5 .5 translate 90 rotate newpath
25 {
0 .9 moveto
0 0 1 90 -90 arc
0 0 .9 -90 90 arcn
.88 .88 scale 22.5 rotate
} repeat
clip setmatrix
clippath pathbbox scale pop pop
256 1 8 [256 0 0 1 0 0]
{256 BuildFountain} image
grestore
} def
) def
/FancySpiralDemo { {FountainSpiral} FancySpiralString RunPSGraphicsDemo } def
% ------------------------------------------------
/TextString (
/hello {
gsave
/Times-BoldItalic findfont
50 scalefont
setfont
40 ClientHeight moveto
-90 rotate
(Hello) show
grestore
} def
) def
/TextDemo { {hello} TextString RunPSGraphicsDemo } def
% ===============================================================
% NeWS Programming Demos:
% ===============================================================
/BeginEndDemo {(
createevent dup begin
/Name /DoItEvent def
/Action /Window def
end
==
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/ProcessDictDemo {(
currentprocess {pop =} forall
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/CanvasDemo {(
gsave
framebuffer setcanvas
100 100 translate
0 0 300 300 ovalpath
/can framebuffer newcanvas def
can reshapecanvas
can /Mapped true put
can setcanvas .5 fillcanvas
grestore
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/EraseCanvas {(
framebuffer setcanvas /can null def
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/ForkDemo {(
/p {2 2 add} def p =
/pp {p} fork def pp =
pp waitprocess =
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/PauseDemo {(
/p {2 2 add} fork def p =
pause p =
p waitprocess =
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/MultiRetDemo {(
/p {1 2 3} fork def
p waitprocess =
/p {[1 2 3]} fork def
p waitprocess dup ==
aload pop pstack clear
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/SnoopDemo {(
/snoop {
/snoopprocess {
createevent expressinterest
{awaitevent ==} loop
} fork def
} def
/killsnoop
{snoopprocess killprocess} def
snoop
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/InstallRunProgram {(
/runprogram { % str => - (exec str as a psh prog)
(/tmp/pshscript) (w) file % str file
dup 3 -1 roll % file file str
writestring closefile % -
(psh /tmp/pshscript) forkunix
} def
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/HelloWorldDemo {(
( #! /usr/NeWS/bin/psh
% A hello_world with windows & menus.
/TextColor 0 def
/FillColor 1 def
/PaintText {
FillColor setgray clippath fill
TextColor setgray 10 10 moveto
/Times-Bold findfont 24 scalefont setfont
(Hello World) show
} def
/SetColors { % txtcolor fillcolor => -
/FillColor exch store
/TextColor exch store
/paintclient win send
} def
/win framebuffer /new DefaultWindow send def
{ /FrameLabel (LiteWindow!) def
/PaintClient {PaintText} def
/ClientMenu [
(Black on White) {0 1 SetColors}
(White on Black) {1 0 SetColors}
(Gray on White) {.5 1 SetColors}
(White on Gray) {1 .5 SetColors}
] /new DefaultMenu send def
} win send
/reshapefromuser win send
/map win send
) runprogram
) SendTtyString} def
% ===============================================================
% Progs:
% ===============================================================
/MinStarProg {(
(#! /usr/NeWS/bin/psh
/FillCanvasWithStar { % stargray fillgray => -
gsave
fillcanvas setshade
clippath pathbbox scale pop pop
.2 0 moveto .5 1 lineto .8 0 lineto
0 .65 lineto 1 .65 lineto closepath fill
grestore
} def
/win framebuffer /new DefaultWindow send def
{ /FrameLabel (USENIX is a Star!) def
/IconImage /hello_world def
/PaintClient {1 .5 FillCanvasWithStar} def
} win send
/reshapefromuser win send
/map win send
) runprogram
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/StarProg {(
(#! /usr/NeWS/bin/psh
/StarGray 1 def
/FillGray .5 def
/FillCanvasWithStar { % stargray fillgray => -
gsave
fillcanvas setshade
clippath pathbbox scale pop pop
.2 0 moveto .5 1 lineto .8 0 lineto
0 .65 lineto 1 .65 lineto closepath fill
grestore
} def
/SetStarGrays { % stargray fillgray => -
/FillGray exch store /StarGray exch store
/paintclient win send
} def
/win framebuffer /new DefaultWindow send def
{ /FrameLabel (USENIX is a Star!) def
/PaintIcon {.25 .75 FillCanvasWithStar 0 strokecanvas} def
/PaintClient {StarGray FillGray FillCanvasWithStar} def
/ClientMenu [
(White Star) { 1 FillGray SetStarGrays}
(Lite Star) {.75 FillGray SetStarGrays}
(Gray Star) {.50 FillGray SetStarGrays}
(Dark Star) {.25 FillGray SetStarGrays}
(Black Star) { 0 FillGray SetStarGrays}
(White Fill) {StarGray 1 SetStarGrays}
(Gray Fill) {StarGray .50 SetStarGrays}
(Black Fill) {StarGray 0 SetStarGrays}
] /new DefaultMenu send def
} win send
/reshapefromuser win send
/map win send
) runprogram
) SendTtyString} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/MaxStarProg {(
(#! /usr/NeWS/bin/psh
/StarGray 1 def
/FillGray .5 def
/FillCanvasWithStar { % stargray fillgray => -
fillcanvas setshade
clippath pathbbox starpath fill
} def
/SetStarGrays { % stargray fillgray => -
/FillGray exch store /StarGray exch store
/paintclient win send
} def
/GetMenuNumber {/currentkey self send cvr} def % - => num
/StarGraysMenu
[(.1) (.2) (.25) (.3) (.4) (.5) (.6) (.7) (.75) (.8) (.9) (1.0)]
[{GetMenuNumber FillGray SetStarGrays}]
/new DefaultMenu send
dup /LayoutStyle /Horizontal put def
/FillGraysMenu
[(.1) (.2) (.25) (.3) (.4) (.5) (.6) (.7) (.75) (.8) (.9) (1.0)]
[{StarGray GetMenuNumber SetStarGrays}]
/new DefaultMenu send
dup /LayoutStyle /Horizontal put def
/win framebuffer /new DefaultWindow send def
{ /FrameLabel (USENIX is a Star!) def
/PaintIcon {.5 fillcanvas} def
/PaintClient {StarGray FillGray FillCanvasWithStar} def
/IconPath {starpath} def
/ClientMenu [
(Star Grays =>) StarGraysMenu
(Fill Grays =>) FillGraysMenu
] /new DefaultMenu send def
} win send
/reshapefromuser win send
/map win send
) runprogram
) SendTtyString} def
% ===============================================================
% Misc:
% ===============================================================
/Sec { 60 div } def % n => n/60
% ------------------------------------------------
/StartPSH {(
psh
false setautobind
executive
) /Medium SendTtyString
} def
/SendBlankLines { {(\n) /Fast SendTtyString} repeat } def
/ClearScreen { 20 SendBlankLines } def
% ------------------------------------------------
/MakeFatMenus { % bool => - (setup large/std menus)
{
% Fix menus to be large & Pretty!
LiteMenu begin
/MenuFont /Helvetica-Bold findfont 24 scalefont def
/MenuTextColor ColorDict /Yellow get def
/MenuFillColor ColorDict /Black get def
/MenuBorderColor MenuTextColor def
end
LitePullRightMenu begin
/StrokeSelection? true def
end
} {
% Fix menus to be std
LiteMenu begin
/MenuFont /Times-Bold findfont 14 scalefont def
/MenuTextColor 0 0 0 rgbcolor def
/MenuFillColor 1 1 1 rgbcolor def
/MenuBorderColor MenuTextColor def
end
LitePullRightMenu begin
/StrokeSelection? false def
end
} ifelse
LiteMenu begin
/invalidate { % - => -
MenuItems {begin /w null def /h null def end} forall
/MenuWidth null store /MenuHeight null store
/MenuCanvas null store
} def
/invalidateall { % - => -
/invalidate self send
MenuItems {
/Menu get dup null eq {pop} {/invalidateall exch send} ifelse
} forall
} def
end
/invalidateall rootmenu send
{ /invalidateall FrameMenu send
/invalidateall IconMenu send
ClientMenu null ne {/invalidateall ClientMenu send} if
} systemdict /AllWin known {AllWin} {RootUserDict /AllWin get exec} ifelse
} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/MakeFatTerm { % - => - (setup term and menus)
% Fix terminals to use bold courier.
% Start a terminal
FontDirectory /CourierTemp known not {
FontDirectory begin
/CourierTemp Courier def
/Courier Courier-Bold def
end
} if
(psterm -t h19 -li 20 -co 50) forkunix
} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/RunPSGraphicsDemo { % proc str
dup SendTtyString
systemdict begin cvx exec end
/CodeBookPaint exch store
/paintclient win send
} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/MakePointer {
(
/UpTriangle {0 0 moveto 1 0 lineto .5 1 lineto closepath} def
/DownTriangle {0 1 moveto 1 1 lineto .5 0 lineto closepath} def
/RightTriangle {0 0 moveto 0 1 lineto 1 .5 lineto closepath} def
/LeftTriangle {1 0 moveto 1 1 lineto 0 .5 lineto closepath} def
/FlipTriangle { % proc
{ /UnitTriangle 1 index cvx store
dup /UpTriangle eq exch /DownTriangle eq or {/gt} {/lt} ifelse
FrameX FrameY FrameWidth FrameHeight 2 copy
7 -1 roll cvx exec {exch} if reshape
% unmap reshapefromuser map
} win send
} def
/TriangleWindow LiteWindow []
classbegin
/UnitTriangle {LeftTriangle} def
/FramePath {
matrix currentmatrix 5 1 roll % xfm x y w h
4 2 roll translate scale % xfm
UnitTriangle % xfm
setmatrix % -
} def
/PaintIcon {ColorDict /Red get fillcanvas} def
/PaintFrame {ColorDict /Yellow get fillcanvas} def
/PaintFocus {} def
/PaintClient {ColorDict /Red get fillcanvas} def
/ClientMenu [
( > ) { /RightTriangle FlipTriangle }
( V ) { /DownTriangle FlipTriangle }
( < ) { /LeftTriangle FlipTriangle }
( ^ ) { /UpTriangle FlipTriangle }
(Reshape) { /reshapefromuser win send }
(Flip Drag) { {/dragframe? dragframe? not store} win send }
] /new DefaultMenu send def
/dragframe? false def
classend def
/win framebuffer /new TriangleWindow send def
/reshapefromuser win send
win /FrameCanvas get /Retained true put
/map win send
) runprogram
} def
% ===============================================================
% Utilities used by demos:
% ===============================================================
systemdict begin
% ------------------------------------------------
/ps { count countdictstack exch ([%/%]:) printf pstack} def
/ex {executive} def
/cds {countdictstack =} def
/pvm { % print vm status
(VMStatus: Used=%, Avail=%, Break=%.\n)
[[vmstatus] {round} forall 3 1 roll exch 3 -1 roll] printf
} def
/pd { {exch (/%:\t) printf =} forall } def % print dict
/clear+ {clear countdictstack 2 sub {end} repeat} def % clear both stacks.
%
% timeit
%
/Dict 10 dict def
Dict /timeitms {
T2 T1 sub 1000 mul Count div 60 mul 1000 mul round 1000 div
} put
/timeit { % count test => -
//Dict begin
/timeitms {
T2 T1 sub 1000 mul Count div 60 mul 1000 mul round 1000 div
} def
/Proc 1 index def
/Count 2 index def
/T1 currenttime def
end
repeat currenttime
//Dict begin
/T2 exch def
(Time: % ms, Loops: %, Test: ) [timeitms Count] printf /Proc load ==
end
} def
currentdict /Dict undef
% ------------------------------------------------
/pathcanvas { % x y w h parent path => canvas (make "path" shaped canvas)
10 dict begin
gsave
cvx [/path /parent /h /w /y /x] {exch def} forall
/can parent newcanvas def
parent setcanvas
x y translate 0 0 w h path
can reshapecanvas
can /Mapped true put
can
grestore
end
} def
/rectcanvas { {rectpath} pathcanvas } def % x y w h parent => canvas
/ovalcanvas { {ovalpath} pathcanvas } def % x y w h parent => canvas
/starcanvas { {starpath} pathcanvas } def % x y w h parent => canvas
% ------------------------------------------------
/runprogram { % string => - (exececute the string as a psh program)
(/tmp/pshscript) (w) file % str file
dup 3 -1 roll % file file str
writestring closefile % -
(psh /tmp/pshscript) forkunix
} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/setshade { % GrayOrColor => - (set gray or color)
dup type /colortype eq {setcolor} {setgray} ifelse
} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/fillcanvas { % GrayOrColor => - (Fills current canvas w/ GrayOrColor)
setshade clippath fill
} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/insetrect { % delta x y w h => x' y' w' h' (return new rect inset by delta)
10 dict begin
[/h /w /y /x /delta] {exch def} forall
x delta add y delta add w delta dup add sub h delta dup add sub
end
} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/rectpath { % x y w h => - (make a rect path)
4 2 roll moveto
dup 0 exch rlineto exch 0 rlineto neg 0 exch rlineto closepath
} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/ovalpath { % x y w h => - (make a oval path)
matrix currentmatrix 5 1 roll % xfm x y w h
4 2 roll translate scale % xfm
.5 .5 translate 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath % xfm
setmatrix % -
} def
% ------------------------------------------------
/starpath { % x y w h => - (make a star path)
matrix currentmatrix 5 1 roll % xfm x y w h
4 2 roll translate scale % xfm
.2 0 moveto .5 1 lineto .8 0 lineto % xfm
0 .65 lineto 1 .65 lineto closepath % xfm
setmatrix % -
} def
end % systemdict begin
% ===============================================================
main