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0 F
0 X
(Sun Microsystems Porting Guide) 72. 36. T
(1-1) 524. 36. T
1 F
(Chapter 1) 72. 706. T
(Sun Operating System \050SunOS\051) 216. 706. T
0 F
(This chapter briefly describes the Sun Operating System ) 217. 686. T
(\050SunOS\051 philosophy, porting issues in a UNIX) 217. 672. T
2 F
(\250) 441.33 676. T
0 F
( environment, ) 447.41 672. T
(and future SunOS directions. ) 217. 659. T
3 F
(1.1) 72. 634. T
(SunOS Overview) 216. 634. T
0 F
(SunOS consists of a merged AT&T System V and 4.2BSD ) 217. 615. T
(UNIX environment, with features of the new 4.3BSD, \050see ) 217. 602. T
72. 61. 540. 720. C
U
0 F
0 X
(Figure 1-1.\051  SunOS is an evolving standard with value-added ) 217. 589. T
(enhancements in programming languages, window systems, ) 217. 576. T
(graphics, and networking services. Practical knowledge of the ) 217. 563. T
(rich tools available under the SunOS helps new and existing ) 217. 550. T
(customers in choosing the correct path to porting their products ) 217. 537. T
(to the Sun platform.) 217. 524. T
72. 61. 540. 720. C
72. 194. 540. 518. C
72. 194. 540. 518. R
7 X
V
4 F
0 X
(Converging) 264. 455. T
(UNIX) 286. 436. T
(System) 279. 419. T
(Standards) 268. 403. T
(SunOS) 279. 345. T
(4.3/4.2BSD) 353. 487. T
3.52 (System V) 180. 486. P
5 F
(Interprocess) 114. 461. T
(communications) 114. 448. T
0.84 (\245 Clean interface definition) 91. 431. P
1.88 (\245 Standard for government) 92. 414. P
1.62 (and Fortune 500) 102. 400. P
(Networking) 394. 448. T
1.27 (Programming tools) 394. 429. P
0.84 (University and ) 394. 409. P
4.19 (technical users) 396. 395. P
(Architectural) 276. 328. T
(foundation) 277. 315. T
(ONC/NFS) 276. 297. T
(Windows) 277. 279. T
(Strong) 277. 262. T
(compilers) 278. 249. T
6 F
1.4 (Figure 1-1. Converging UNIX System Standards) 173. 202. P
5 F
(\245) 383. 429. T
(\245) 383. 410. T
(\245) 383. 447. T
(\245) 268. 297. T
(\245) 268. 280. T
(\245) 268. 329. T
(\245) 268. 264. T
0 H
90. 90.1 -139.5 76.5 360. 509. A
90. 180.1 139.5 76.5 81. 509. A
180. 270.1 139.5 -76.5 81. 356. A
270. 0.1 -139.5 -76.5 360. 356. A
0. 90. -139.5 76.5 360. 509. A
90. 90.1 -139.5 76.5 531. 509. A
90. 180.1 139.5 76.5 252. 509. A
180. 270.1 139.5 -76.5 252. 356. A
270. 0.1 -139.5 -76.5 531. 356. A
0. 90. -139.5 76.5 531. 509. A
90. 90.1 -63. 144. 369. 509. A
90. 180.1 63. 144. 243. 509. A
180. 270.1 63. -144. 243. 221. A
270. 0.1 -63. -144. 369. 221. A
0. 90. -63. 144. 369. 509. A
(\245) 105. 460. T
72. 61. 540. 720. C
U
0 F
0 X
(More UNIX details are available in ) 217. 181. T
7 F
(The UNIX System: A Sun ) 389.62 181. T
(Technical Report) 217. 168. T
0 F
(.) 299.99 168. T
(SunOS provides the software foundation for Sun and third-party ) 217. 151. T
(applications and works with hardware standards such as the ) 217. 138. T
(VMEbus, Ethernet) 217. 124. T
2 F
(\250) 306.99 128. T
8 F
(,) 313.07 124. T
0 F
( and popular CPU architectures to provide ) 315.57 124. T
(an integrated workstation environment. \050see Figure 1-2.\051) 217. 111. T
(Sun Microsystems\325 current operating system,  SunOS 4.0, con-) 217. 94. T
(tains major enhancements in every area of the operating sys-) 217. 81. T
(tem. Shared libraries, NFS) 217. 67. T
2 F
(\252) 344.66 71. T
0 F
( diskless support, and the ability to ) 352.5 67. T
72. 529. 188. 601. C
72. 529. 188. 601. R
7 X
V
7 F
0 X
(SunOS merges AT&T ) 76. 587. T
(System V and Berke-) 76. 573. T
(ley 4.2 BSD UNIX) 76. 559. T
U
FMENDPAGE
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FMBEGINPAGE
0 F
0 X
(Sun Microsystems Porting Guide) 380.33 36. T
(1-2) 72. 36. T
(open up to 64 files per process are just some of the enhance-) 217. 711. T
(ments in this latest version of SunOS. For further information, ) 217. 698. T
(please refer to  ) 217. 685. T
7 F
(Release Report: SunOS 4.0) 290.97 685. T
0 F
(.) 421.61 685. T
(Appendix B contains detailed installation tips for system admin-) 217. 668. T
(istrators upgrading from older releases to SunOS 4.0 . Existing ) 217. 655. T
(customers should read this carefully before installation.) 217. 642. T
72. 72. 540. 720. C
72. 196. 539. 636. C
72. 196. 539. 636. R
7 X
V
102. 429. 522. 430. 2 L
0 H
0 X
N
161. 610. 449. 257. 2 L
N
162. 267. 458. 607. 2 L
N
6 X
90. 450. 54.5 54.5 307.5 435.5 G
0 X
90. 90.1 -54.5 54.5 362. 490. A
90. 180.1 54.5 54.5 253. 490. A
180. 270.1 54.5 -54.5 253. 381. A
270. 0.1 -54.5 -54.5 362. 381. A
0. 90. -54.5 54.5 362. 490. A
7 X
90. 450. 23. 23. 306. 435. G
0 X
90. 90.1 -23. 23. 329. 458. A
90. 180.1 23. 23. 283. 458. A
180. 270.1 23. -23. 283. 412. A
270. 0.1 -23. -23. 329. 412. A
0. 90. -23. 23. 329. 458. A
5 F
(SunOS) 286. 429. T
(ONC) 291. 391. T
(User) 284. 347. T
(Interfaces) 284. 333. T
(Software) 183. 400. T
(Development) 183. 386. T
(Graphics) 200. 461. T
(Information) 279. 518. T
(Products) 279. 504. T
(AI) 374. 461. T
(Network) 362. 406. T
1.28 (and ) 362. 392. P
(Connectivity) 362. 378. T
(X11/NeWS) 274. 272. T
(SunView) 274. 258. T
2.07 (OPEN LOOK) 274. 244. P
(SunLink) 448. 340. T
1.1 (Sun Common Lisp) 424. 541. P
(Environment) 424. 527. T
(SunINGRES) 274. 613. T
2 F
(\252) 346.34 617. T
5 F
(SunUNIFY) 274. 599. T
2 F
(\252) 338.55 603. T
5 F
(SunSimplify) 274. 585. T
2 F
(\252) 344.8 589. T
5 F
(SunAlis) 274. 571. T
2 F
(\252) 319.12 575. T
5 F
(Languages) 77. 366. T
3.27 (Cross Compilers) 77. 352. P
1.62 (Symbolic Debugger) 77. 338. P
(NSE) 77. 324. T
(SunTrac) 77. 310. T
(SunGKS) 77. 543. T
(SunCGI) 77. 529. T
(SunCore) 77. 515. T
(SunPHIGS) 77. 501. T
6 F
1.01 (Figure 1-2. SunOS) 208. 212. P
9 F
1.01 ( - ) 305.04 212. P
6 F
1.01 (Open Systems) 319.65 212. P
90. 90.1 -141.5 137. 452. 565. A
90. 180.1 141.5 137. 169. 565. A
180. 270.1 141.5 -137. 169. 291. A
270. 0.1 -141.5 -137. 452. 291. A
0. 90. -141.5 137. 452. 565. A
72. 72. 540. 720. C
U
3 F
0 X
(1.2) 72. 175. T
(UNIX Porting Issues) 216. 175. T
0 F
(The UNIX operating system is powerful and is available on ) 217. 156. T
(many computer architectures from different companies. Many ) 217. 143. T
(software developers choose UNIX purely for its widespread ) 217. 130. T
(availability and ease of ) 217. 117. T
7 F
(porting) 330.98 117. T
0 F
( their code from one computer to ) 366.32 117. T
(another. Additionally, UNIX has a complete set of software ) 217. 104. T
(development and debugging tools.) 217. 91. T
72. 97. 180. 151. R
7 X
V
7 F
0 X
(Porting UNIX appli-) 72. 142. T
(cations to another ) 72. 128. T
(UNIX environment ) 72. 114. T
(is fairly easy) 72. 100. T
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0 F
0 X
(Sun Microsystems Porting Guide) 72. 36. T
(1-3) 524. 36. T
(Porting C source code from one UNIX system to another should ) 219. 711. T
(be a straightforward task. Fortunately, UNIX has tools, such as ) 219. 698. T
(lint\0501V\051, to assist in developing portable C code.  Lint detects ) 219. 685. T
(bugs, non-portable code, or wasted resources. Lint also checks ) 219. 672. T
(a program more strictly than the C compiler does. Lint simplifies ) 219. 659. T
(porting source code from one UNIX system to another. Sun\325s ) 219. 646. T
(lint is more strict than similar tools and allows easier migration ) 219. 633. T
(to Reduced Instruction Set Computer \050RISC\051 processors.) 219. 620. T
(Sun Fortran implements features that facilitate porting between ) 219. 603. T
(VAX) 219. 589. T
2 F
(\250) 244.99 593. T
0 F
(/VMS) 251.07 589. T
2 F
(\250) 280.41 593. T
0 F
( and Sun systems. VMS dependent system calls ) 286.49 589. T
(require recoding to UNIX system calls. For more information on ) 219. 576. T
(these and other programming language porting issues, refer to ) 219. 563. T
(Chapter 3) 219. 550. T
7 F
(, Programming Languages.) 265.99 550. T
0 F
( ) 397.99 550. T
(Vendors who write programs under UNIX often use machine ) 219. 533. T
(specific software libraries. This design hinders ports that would ) 219. 520. T
(have been trivial had the original design incorporated ) 219. 507. T
7 F
(standard-) 478.28 507. T
(ized ) 219. 494. T
0 F
(software packages \050e.g., libraries of routines that are avail-) 241.33 494. T
(able across other UNIX platforms\051. Software developers inter-) 219. 481. T
(ested in writing portable code are therefore encouraged to ) 219. 468. T
(choose software standards in their design.) 219. 455. T
3 F
(1.3) 74. 430. T
(Heterogeneous Environment) 218. 430. T
0 F
(With Sun\325s multiple instruction set architecture, writing ) 219. 411. T
(portable code is a primary factor allowing software to run ) 219. 398. T
(unchanged throughout Sun\325s product line. Two issues,  when ) 219. 385. T
(addressed properly, allow source code to make the transition ) 219. 372. T
(smoothly within a heterogeneous environment.) 219. 359. T
(First, portable software should not depend on byte ordering ) 219. 342. T
(within a word. Software developers may attempt to increase ) 219. 329. T
(efficiency within various routines by packing bytes into words, ) 219. 316. T
(then transferring these words to other routines or writing them ) 219. 303. T
(out to disk in binary format. While this works properly with sim-) 219. 290. T
(ilar CPUs, it does not allow this data to be shared over a net-) 219. 277. T
(work of heterogeneous computers.) 219. 264. T
(Second, programmers should be aware that data alignment dif-) 219. 247. T
(fers between) 219. 234. T
7 F
( ) 279.97 234. T
0 F
(CPU types. This issue often arises when you port ) 282.97 234. T
(programs or write C data structures to disk. Extra padding ) 219. 221. T
(between structure elements on a RISC machine make this tech-) 219. 208. T
(nique incompatible across different CPUs.) 219. 195. T
(Developers are encouraged to address these issues by transfer-) 219. 178. T
(ring binary data in an intermediate standard format called eXter-) 219. 165. T
(nal Data Representation \050XDR\051.  For further details,  refer to ) 219. 152. T
(the XDR section of Chapter 2.) 219. 139. T
74. 317. 182. 390. R
7 X
V
7 F
0 X
(Writing portable ) 74. 381. T
(code is a primary fac-) 74. 367. T
(tor for compatibility ) 74. 353. T
(in a heterogeneous ) 74. 339. T
(environment) 74. 325. T
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0 F
0 X
(Sun Microsystems Porting Guide) 380.33 36. T
(1-4) 72. 36. T
3 F
(1.4) 70. 707. T
(Future Directions) 214. 707. T
0 F
(AT&T and Sun Microsystems, with other UNIX vendors, are in ) 215. 688. T
(the process of establishing the unified UNIX standard definition, ) 215. 675. T
(called System V Release 4.0. The standard addresses several ) 215. 662. T
(issues that affect new ports to these platforms. The first issue ) 215. 649. T
(concerns the ) 215. 636. T
7 F
(tools and services) 278.31 636. T
0 F
( available to users of the unified ) 364.3 636. T
(UNIX. It consists of a true merge of System V and 4.3/4.2BSD ) 215. 623. T
(UNIX definitions. The second issue addresses the Application ) 215. 610. T
(Programming Interface \050API\051, which defines the) 215. 597. T
7 F
( source code) 447.61 597. T
0 F
( ) 508.26 597. T
(interface to library routines. Finally, the Applications Binary ) 215. 584. T
(Interface \050ABI\051 defines the ) 215. 571. T
7 F
(binary) 347.61 571. T
0 F
( standard that allows exe-) 378.94 571. T
(cutable code to run unchanged on different platforms that share ) 215. 558. T
(the same CPU architecture. ABIs will initially be defined for ) 215. 545. T
(80386,  Scalable Processor ARChitecture \050SPARC) 215. 531. T
2 F
(\252) 458.98 535. T
0 F
(\051, and ) 466.82 531. T
(MIPS processors. The API enables portability across UNIX ) 215. 518. T
(platforms with no more than a recompilation. ABIs encourage ) 215. 505. T
(the emergence of "shrink-wrapped" software.) 215. 492. T
(As UNIX continues to evolve, so will SunOS. A future system ) 215. 356. T
(could support concurrent, multiprocessing, and fault-tolerant ) 215. 343. T
(hardware architectures and allow commercial extensions such ) 215. 330. T
(as transaction processing and file mirroring. Integral support for ) 215. 317. T
(very large multi-user systems with extensive databases is also ) 215. 304. T
(on the horizon. Security conscious users will have better ) 215. 291. T
(options with a secure SunOS. As UNIX enters the mainstream ) 215. 278. T
(in commercial, educational, and governmental arenas, Sun will ) 215. 265. T
(offer refined ease-of-use features for both the user and the sys-) 215. 252. T
(tem administrator. For international users, advanced technolo-) 215. 239. T
(gies that accommodate demanding character sets will be pre-) 215. 226. T
(sent in the multilingual UNIX of the future. Sun supports evolv-) 215. 213. T
(ing UNIX standards via corporate participation in POSIX, ) 215. 200. T
(X/OPEN, and other groups committed to furthering the original ) 215. 187. T
(intent of an open operating system. Sun will preserve the base ) 215. 174. T
(programming interfaces of today, which will provide implementa-) 215. 161. T
(tion flexibility for a single, multivendor, UNIX standard for the ) 215. 148. T
(1990s.) 215. 135. T
70. 618. 178. 654. R
7 X
V
7 F
0 X
(Unified UNIX: Sys-) 70. 645. T
(tem V Release 4.0) 70. 631. T
320. 450. 534. 473. R
7 X
V
0 H
0 X
N
0 F
0.35 (UNIX Environment) 161. 458. P
1.36 (Programming Interface) 161. 435. P
0.65 (Binary Compatibility) 161. 413. P
2.23 (System V Release 4.0) 358. 457. P
1.46 (Application Programming Interface \050API\051) 324. 435. P
1.46 (Application Binary Interface \050ABI\051) 337. 413. P
6 F
1. (Figure 1-3.  SunOS Future Directions) 286. 380. P
320. 428. 534. 450. R
N
320. 405. 534. 428. R
N
279. 461. 30. 0. W
278. 437. 31. 0. W
279. 413. 31. 0. W
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